Street-car.



N0 MODEL.

' J. A. .BRILL.

STREET GAR.

APPLICATION FILED 2.2a, 1902. 1

Evenloie Jairflz H 21416 6 7 PATENTED JULY 21, 1903.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

P'AT'ENTED JULY 21, 1903'.

J. A. BRILL.

STREET GAR.

APIiLIOATION FILED APR. 2a, 1902.

no MODEL.

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PATENTED JULY 21,1903.

J. A. BRILL.

STREET GARF APPLIOATION FILED APR. 23. 1902.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

I0, MODEL.

, I OM I PATENTED JULY 21, 1903. A. BRILL. STREET GAR. I APPLICATION FILED APR. 23, 1902. "H0 MODEL.

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PATENTED JULY 21, 1903.

J. A. BRILL. STREET GAR.

APBLIOLTIOR-IILED APR. 23. 1002.

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N0 MODEL.

Iayen/Z P'ATENTED JULY 21. 1903. J. A. BRILL. STREET GAR. APPLICATION FILED APB.'23, 190 2.

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fzvew/w w rm, WASHINGTON n c Patented July 2 l-, 19O? PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN A. BRILL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STREETQCAR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No'. 734,253, aata July 21', 190's. applicatidn filed April 23', 1902. Serial No. 104,239. (No model.)

To all whom, it away concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. BRILL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsyl- Vania, (and whose post-office address is care of J. G. Brill Company, in said city,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in StreetCars,.of which the following is a specification.

My invention has more especial reference to cars employed in street service, and more particularly. those propelled by electricallyequipped. trucks, although many of the improvements hereinafter stated may be advantageously employed in steam-railway practice or in connection with trucks propelled otherwise .thanby electric motors.

The main object of my improvements is primarily to improve the construction of cars, more especially of the permanently open type, having a plurality of transverse seats and side exits and entrances and a siderunningboard. In prior cars of this class one or more wooden side sills have been employed, and the seat ends, the car-flooring, and the side posts have been supported directly .upon the outer sills, and a single running-board has been secured to the side of the outer sills, by means .of which access to the aisle between the posts and seats is obtained. In this construction the step from the ground or roadbed to the running-board and fromthe running-board to the car-flooring or outer edge of the sill has been exceedingly high, and this is necessitated by the fact that motors employed on the trucks, whether the latter are non-pivotal or pivotal, require a stated clearance from the center of the axle upwardly to the car-flooring for their proper instalment and'maintenance.

One of the main objects of my invention therefore is to while still preserving proper height and clearance for the motors enable two steps in addition to the carflooring plane or level to be employed, each of considerably less height than the step heretofore employedand without increasing the width of the car. The second step although being below the car-flooring is within the side plane or usual lateral dimension of the car, as is the car-flooring, which is the second step in prior constructions, and at the same time the proper Width between the outer vertical portions of the side sills is preserved and the proper clearance for the truck-wheels between the sills, irrespective of the form of truck, is ob.- tained. In other words, I utilize the space of the usual outer side sill for a step, increas ing the number .of steps .and' reducing the height, while at the same time preserving all of'the usual dimensionsand positions. I ac complish these results primarily through the employment of an outside sill constructed either of the Z-iron (so called) form or angle-iron form, the Vertical web of which is innermost, the horizontal or intermediate web of which extends outwardly and forms the second or intermediate step, lying within the usual side plane of the car. hen the Z form of iron is employed, the outer depending web may be used for the purpose of stiffening the horizontal web and at the same time afford means of attachment of the first or lower step or running-board irons or supports.

My improvements therefore mainly flow from the employment of a metal 2 or angle iron, sills arranged as above-. stated and forming a component and essential part of the car-framing, the metal sills being tied together transversely either at the ends or intermediate of the ends, or both, as hereinafter described, and supporting the car-flooring upon their upper elements.

In prior constructions the use of an angleiron or Z form of iron in the construction of a car has been suggested, but in the instance of which I have knowledge these 2 or angle.

irons in no way form the car sill or a part of the car-framing proper.

To illustrate the difference between my improvement and the prior constructions I refer, for example, to the construction shown in the patent granted to G. Kuhlman, dated September 17, 1895, No. 51L6,592-. In that patent the usual wooden side sills of the car are shown, and these sills are tied together transversely by crossings, the sills and the crossings supporting the car-floorin g. From these main sills, which are disposed wholly within the normal width of the car, are pieces of metal formed in the shape of a Z or angle iron, the lower portions of which support supplemental wooden sills which are transversely in the ICO plane of the usual outer longitudinal sills, but below their usual plane vertically, these an gle-irons merely acting as a support for this supplemental lower sill, which latter may be continuous with the car side or intermitted, since it is not a part of the frame proper.

The point of difference between my invention and the construction illustrated in the before-mentioned patent resides, primarily, in the fact that I absolutely do away with the employment of either or both of the usual wooden sills or as they are employed in the above-mentioned patent and utilize the angle or Z-shaped iron as the car-sill, and as a further difference the Z-shaped or angle-iron sills in my construction forms a component part of the body-framing, whereas the Z or angle iron employed in the construction of the above-mentioned patent merely acts as a hanger or support for a supplemental outer and lower car-sill, which latter is employed to obtain, among other things recited in said patent, a lower drop forthe ear-windows. In other words, my improved sill takes the place of the ordinary longitudinal side sill, whereas the sill construction of the before-mentioned patent has essentially a three-part construction embodying two usual wooden sills and a hanger for a lower one.

Flowing from my improved sill construction and which may be separately or coincidently employed therewith are many other features of construction, all of which will be hereinafter described,and further pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings formin part of this specificatien, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a car completely embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a portion of the car framing and post. Fig. 3 is a plan of the car-framing, partly in section on the line a a, Fig. 2. Y Fig. l is a transverse sectional elevation, partly in section and enlarged, taken on the line Z) I), Fig. Figs. 5 and U are respectively a transverse sectional elevation through a portion of the Z or angle iron sill. Figs. 7 and S are respectively a transverse sectional elevation through a portion of the Z or angle iron sill, car-flooring, and crossing, showing a method of tying the sills to gether transversely and supporting the carflooring, and a plan view of the same. Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional elevation showing a method of connecting the Z or angle iron sill with and supporting the canflooring therefrom. Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9, showing a further form of ear-flooring support. Fig. 11 is a transverse section showing the two sills, a portion of the car-fioorin g and its support thereon, and the upper chord of the non-pivotal truck, illustrating the method of supporting the car-framing upon the truck. Fig. 12 is an enlarged side elevation of a portion of the car illustrated in Fig. 1, showing the side panels, the ear posts or stanchions,

the panel-castings, and the running-board supported from the sill. Fig. 13 is a sectional View taken on the line 2 2, Fig. 12, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 14: is a side elevation of a portion of the ear, illustrating a modified form of the panel-casting. Fig. 15 illustrates a combined seat-panel and panel-casting, wherein the seat-panel and panel-casting are made in one piece. Fig. 16 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a portion of the sill of the floor, the car post or stanchion, and a modified form of the seatpanel and panelcasting made in one piece. Figs. 17 and 18 are sectional views of the 1 panels shown in Figs. 1i and 15, taken on the line 5 5 and G (5 of said Figs. 1% and 15, respectively. Figs. 19, 20, and 21 are side elevations, partly in section, through the car-sill, illustrating the different forms of seat-panels and panel-castings illustrated in Figs. 15, 12, and '14, respectively, Fig. 19 corresponding with Fig. 15, Fig. 20 with Fig. 12, and Fig. 21 with Fig. 14. Fig. 22 is a side elevation of a portion of the car-sill-to wit, an angleiron sill, the ear-flooring partly in section and illustrating a modified form of means for securing the step or running-board support 1 to the car-sill. Figs. 23 and 2. respectively are top and bottom views of the step -plate used in connection with my improved construetion.

Similar reference characters represent corresponding parts throughout the several views.

1 have illustrated my improvements in conneetion with a car-body adapted to be supported by a set of pivotal trucks. bodybolster for such a truck is shown in connection with my improvements and which forms part thereof, as hereinafter described and claimed. However, my improvements are equally well adapted for employment on a car mounted upon a non-pivotal truck-that is, a single truck secured rigidly to the carbodyand hereinafterI shall show the application of the latter form of truck to a car constructed in accordance with my improvements.

Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates the side sills, preferably in the form of a Z-shaped iron reversed-that is, having two verticallydisposed webs 2 3 and a horizontally-disposed connecting web 4. Instead of using the Z-shaped iron I can advantageously employ an angle-iron, such as illustrated in Fig.

-but I prefer that a Z-shaped form of iron be employed, since its lower vertical web 2 affords means for stiffening the horizontal web 4 and provides a convenient place or means for attaching the lower step or running-board iron thereto.

The Z-sill in some of the figures, Fig. 4, is shown as being built up of two angle-ironsthat is, the horizontal web is compound, being made up of two webs & 4;" and which form the single horizontal web 4. I, however, prefer a Z-iron made in one piecethat is, with the three webs formed integrally-since the latter may be formed of a commercial form of Hence a iron and may be readily obtained, whilethe uniting of two angle-irons to form the Z-sill requires extra labor and adds to the cost and weight. These sills, of which in the illustrated embodiment there is one on each side of the car, (although there may be others employed,) take the place of the usual longitudinal or outer sills of the carthat is to say, as is indicated in Fig. 7 in dotted lines, in which the location and substantially the dimension of the usual outside longitudinal sill 5 are shown for which my improved sill is substituted, the vertical and horizontal webs taking the place of the ordinary wooden sill.

In utilizing this form of sillthat is, either the Z or angle iron forn1the webs 3 of the two sills are disposed vertically as high as desired for the floor-support and well within the usual outer plane of the car-body or outside dimension of the sills, which may be indicated substantially by the outer face 6 of the diagrammatically-illustrated sillin Fig. 7, themward extension of the vertical web 3 being regulated by the width of the longitudinal web 4, so that said horizontal web 4 in my improved construction and the outer vertical web 2 as well are within the usual side exterior plane of the car-body. It is clear that the dimensions of my new sill and the transverse over-all dimension of the frame embodying them can be varied at will and that they can be used without necessarily increasing or diminishing the width of the car over or under the usual dimensions. This will aptly explain what I shall hereinafter refer to asa step within the car, since the elimination of the usual longitudinal sill and the substitution of my improved sill therefor brings the latter ,within the car side, so that when the horizontal web 4 is employed as a step to gain access to the car from the side the step will then be within the car side.

The side sills 1, either of the angle-iron or Z shape, forms a component part of the carj framing, and to which the transverse crossings or staying members and the car-flooring is secured and supported. It is immaterial to the broad idea of utilizing this form of sill how the 'sills are connected transversely to form component parts of the body-framing. However, I shall illustrate an eflicient method of accomplishing this, which, however, may be further modified, as herein illustrated and described or as desired by the constructor.-

For connection at their ends and to form part of the platform in open cars or for forming a platform-support in closed cars the end of the sills 1 are preferably shaped as indicated in Figs. 5 and 6, where a section is cut out of the outer pendent web 2, the horizontal web 4 freed fromthe inner-web 3 and turned upwardly at an angle thereto, as at 7, anda piece 8 is cut out of the web 3. In the opencar construction illustrated herein the ends of the platform crown-piece 9, Figs. 2,3, 5, are then laid over the cut-out. portion .of the upright web 3 and abutted against the up.-.

turned portion 7 of the horizontal web 4, the

ends of the crown 9 and the ends 10 of the horizontal flange 11 of the curved angle-iron buffer 12 being secured to a bolt 13, which,

preferably is formed at the end of the dasherpost 14, Fig. 1, so that the latter, the platform-crown 9, and the buffer-iron'12 are secured together and the endsof the crownpiece and the upturned portion 7 of the hori-. zontal web 4 of the sill may be bolted together, as indicated at 15, Fig. 5. In this way the ends of the sills may be tied together transversely, the platform-crown and buffer being otherwise secured, as hereinafter described.

The method of supporting the car-flooring and additionally tying the side sills together may be as illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, and 4 or as in Figs. 7 andS or in any other suitable way. The means adopted in Figs. 2, 3, and 4 consists in securing to the vertical web 3 of the sill a wooden plank 16, called the sillplanking, which may have any degreeof drop and which may be comparatively thinsay about two inches in thickness, as illustrated in Fig. 10-its upper edge being located slightly below the upper edge of the vertical Web 3 to receive and support the floor-planking 17 and crossings 18 18, and into the crossings 18 may be laid (in the usual way) the usual diagonal crossings 19. It will be noted that the outer ends of the floor-planking 17 forms a step within the car-body. Rods 20, passing through or above the crossings, are secured to the vertical webs 3 of the sills 1.

To provide for the further support of the platform and the buffer, the planking 16 is on both sides extended beyond the ends of the sills 1, the end crossings 18 is secured thereto in the usual way, to which the inner ends of the platform-knees 21 are secured,

and between the planking, the end crossing, and the knees extend diagonal crossings 22, which may also be secured to the platform crown'piece 9, the latter then resting upon the sill-planking and upon the platformknees, the end of the sillplanking and the platform-knees addingto the vertical support of the buffer-iron 12, the vertical web 23 of the latter abutting against the ends of the sill-plankin and platform-knees in the usual way, the said ends being bolted to the web 11, as shown in Fig. 3 at 24.

To provide for the connection to or support of the car-body upon a pivotal truck, I have provided a bolster 24, Fig. 4, of the built-up form, comprising the upper cross-bar 25, the lower angular tie-bar 26, and the intermediate pedestal-blocks 27 28, the central one, 28, of which is apertured for the passage of a kingbolt, the side bearings 29 being secured to the bolster in convention almanner beneath interposed thimbles 30. The particular form of body-bolster illustrated herein is not of my invention nor do I limit myself thereto, the only essential feature in this connection being that the bolster should be secured to the Z or angle iron sills. For this purpose the top bar or plate 25 of the bolster may be bent downwardly and outwardly at 25 25", forming a ledge abutting against the inner surface of the vertical sillweb 3 and the under side of the horizontal. sill-web l and firmly secured thereto, as shown in Fig. 4, short straps 31 being interposed between the ends of the lower bar 26 of the plate and the vertical web of the sill for increasing the strength of this connection. By this means the sills and bolsters are firmly connected together and the frame additionally stayed transversely, the sills being efficiently supported on the bolster against vertical stress. The sill planking 16 may be omitted or let in about the bolsters, as indicated in Fig. 3. If desired, further bracing for the body-framing about the bolster may be employed, such as the central sills 32 extending between the crossings 1S 18 and passing through the bolstenplates 25 26 and firmly secured thereto, and which,with the blocking 3-1: 35, supports the bolster centrally. Upon the central longitudinal sills and adjacent the edges of the upper bolster-plate 25 are laid angle-irons 36, which are secured to the sill-planking 16, the intermediate longitudinal sills 32 33 further staying the sills 1 transversely and affording additional means for supporting the floor-planking 17 about the bolster.

At 88 are diagonal crossings extending between the sill-plankin g and intermediate longitudinal sills, and at 37 are further crossings extending between the inner sills and the angle-iron cross-plates 3G, to which they are secured, as shown.

At 39 are short crossings extending between the intermediate sills.

Instead of employing the sill-planking 16 as the means for receiving and connecting the crossings to and supporting the car-flooring from the side sills the construction illus-' trated in Figs. 7, 8, and 9 may be employed, in which #10 represents iron pockets having outwardly-extendin g flanges l1 and inward] yexposed depressions 42, the flanges being abutted against the vertical web 3 of the sill, the top of the pocket being located below the top of the said web, the crossings 18 18 (as the case may be) being reduced at the ends and inserted into the depressions in the pockets, the upper face of the crossings being preferably flush with the top of the pockets, Fig. 7, so that the floor-planking 17 may, if desired, rest both upon the crossing and on the pockets, the pocket, the crossings, and the sills 1 being efficiently tied together by the tie-bolts 43, passing through the pocketfianges ll,and the vertical web 3 of the sill, nuts or a shoulder =11 on the rods abutting against the pocket-flanges -11 and nuts 45 on the ends of the rods abutting against the vertical web 3 of the sill affords in this construction means for efficiently tying the parts together securing the crossings in the pockets,

and tying the sills together transversely. These crossings may be located where desired and be of any desired number and they may take the place of the crossings illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, 4. Should the frame be made without a bod y-bolster, they may be employed to stay the frame transversely, and should it be desired to employ intermediate sills they can be let into the crossings in the usual way.

In connection with either form of crossing attachment illustrated herein, and especially in connection with that shown in Figs. 7 and 8, angle-iron it may be interposed between the crossings, the angle-iron having a vertical web 48, secured to the inner face of the vertical web 3 of the sill by rivets or bolts 49, and the horizontal inwardly-extending web -17, located below the upper edge of the said sill-web, to which web 47 the floor-planking 17 may be secured, (or screwed at 50, as shown,) this angle-iron 46 taking the place of the sillplanking 16.

In Fig. 11 is illustrated a method of attachment of a single or non-pivotal truck to a car constructed in accordance with my invention, wherein 51 illustrates the side members of the usual top chord of a truck, which may or may not be connected together transversely by an end or intermediate crossbar 52. The top chord is secured directly to the horizontal web at of the side sill. This gives considerable clearance, well within the ear side, for attachment of the car to the truckframe, it being possible to secure the side members of the top chord at any desired point along the horizontal web at transversely to accommodate truck frames of varying widths and in all cases leaving the usual clearance between the car-flooring and the inner sides of the sill for the truck-wheels. It will. be noted in that figure, with reference to the truck, that the second step from the groundnamely, the horizontal web 4 of the sill 1 when employed on an open ear with a side runningboardis well within the side of the car, thus illustrating one of the advantages of employing my improved sill, since with the ordinary wooden sill it would extend out to the plane of the outervertical webs of the sill. The second step from the ground would be upon the top of the sill and at the outer limits thereof, whereas the floor-level in this construction is well within the sill limits.

Having thus described the method of employing my improved sill and how it may be incorporated in and made a component part of a car-framing, and, further, having described efficient means for tying the sills together transversely and for connecting the crossings therewith and for supporting the car-flooring thereon, I will now describe the additional improvements made possible by my improved form of sill and which may be separately or conjointly applied.

In Fig. 12, 1 indicates the side sill of the ear having the second or intermediate step or web 4 and the inner and outer webs 2 3, the

of the floor-planking 17.

three parts constituting the Z-bar, which is located, as before described, along the full length of the side of the car in the illustrated embodiment of my invention. However, my invention may be advantageously employed in combination on partly open and closed cars; but the same arrangement may be made on any part of the car which in'any way constitutes an entrance into the car, my invention contemplating the extension of the car side over the sill and specifically over the web at at intervals.

The posts or stanchions 53 of the car which support the upper car-structure pass down behind the seat end panels 55, as in the wellknown form of car, to and is supported on the step or web 4 of the Zsill, as shown in dotted lines in Figs. 12, 19, 20, 21. The panels 55, which are bolted to the posts at 56 and to the seat ends 58 at 57, are also supported above thesilll and extend out over the step or Web 4. The panel 55 is made of a curved casting and has the usual grooved rib 59, forming a continuation of the grooved extension 60 on the post for a curtain in the usual way. The panel 55 is supported on a casting 61, which may be considered a portion of the panel, constituting an extension of the floor-planking 17, thus forming a series of intermitted floor extensions and inwardly-extending recesses forming a step within the car, one being the horizontal web @L of the sill, the other the edge Because of this construction apassenger getting into the car will, after the first step, be between the seats or stanchions-that is, within the car. The ingress and egress of passengers is thereby rendered more safe and the expedition thereof materially increased. In the form shown in Figs. 12 and 20 this supportingcasting is made in the form of a bracket having a top portion or plate 62, extending under the panel 55 and which may slightly overlap the wveb 3 of the sill, as at 63. The lower part of the base or casting 61 is flattened down to form flanges 64:, which lie close to the sillweb 3, as shown in Fig. 20, leaving, however, a channeled lug 65 for the passage therethrough of the end of the post or stanchion. The base 61 is fastened to the sill-web 3 by means of the bolts or rivets 66 66. Bolts 67 67 are also used tofasten the base 61 and the stanchion or post to the sill-web 3. The seatpanel 55 is located above the base 61 and is fastened thereto by means of ears 68 68 and bolts- 69. In this way (specifically, by the bracket, casting, or panel-base 61, as it may be interchangeably termed) the car-flooring is extended intermittently out over the sill, bringing the step or web at within the sill limits without increasing the width of the car; the seat end panel is properly supported and in its usual position relative to the floor-planking and the posts or stanchions efficiently rest upon the sill web or step 4:, in which the panel is provided with an extension 70, which receives and supports the ends of the posts 53, on which the grooved rib 59 may be continued and which is provided with flanges 71, bolted or riveted to the sill-web 3. In this way the post and seat-panel are supported on the sill without necessitating their being extended down to the web 4.

A step-plate may and is by preference provided for the step 4 of the sill. The stepplate is illustrated in Figs. 23 and 24. The step-plate 72, which is illustrated in the said figures, comprises a mat 7 3, having a pending inturned flange 74, the connected mat being fastened by means of screw-bolts or by other means to the sill-web 4, with the ends preferably projecting under the base 61, the flange 74 bearing against the web 2.

To the outer pending web 2 is fastened the lower step or running-board 76, by means of the pendent hanger 77 and the bolts or rivets 7 8, which secure the pendent hangers to the web 2. The running-board may be of any well-known form and may be hinged to the pendent hangers in order that it may be swung to a position nearly within the line of the sides of the car. This form of a runningboard is illustrated in Figs. 12 and 20, and, as herein shown, a bracket 7 9 is hinged to the pendants 77. A back-board 80 is also fastened to the pendants 77 by means of the bolts 81.

In Fig. 22 is shown means for suspending In the form shown in Figs. 14 and 21 the 4 supporting casting or base 82,having the post rib 83, extends directly upward from the step 4 of the sill, is elongated and inwardly curved, and rests on the step 4 throughout its length. Bolts 67 67 are provided to secure this base and the stanchion or post to the sill, as before described, and the ends of the step-plate are set in under the .base. The panel 55 is fastened to the base in the same way as shown in Fig. 13.

A form of combined seat-panel and base is shown in Figs. 15, 18, wherein the base is made integral with the seat-panel. In this form the lower part 84 is cast into the form of a bracket, leaving, however, space therein for the supporting stanchion or post 53. The panel 55, formed integrally with the bracket, rests on top of the sill-web 3, over the plank- .ing 17, and is fastened thereto by means of the bolts 85 85, as in the form shown in Fig. 12. In this form there are also provided the bolts 67 67 for securing the panel and the stanchion to the sill. This panel has a further means for securing it to the car-namely, by means of the ears 86 and the screws 87. (Shown in Fig. 18.)

It will be seen that by the means described above a passenger entering the car may step within the side of the car by a much shorter step than heretofore. In the forms of the sill now known in the art a passenger is required to step to the top of the sill before being within the protecting-posts of the car. It will thus be seen that the car will be much easier to enter and yet the seating capacity is not at all reduced. Throughout the specification and claims I have employed the term Z-sill for elearness and precision. However, I wish it to be understood that the term is used herein broadly, so as to include all forms of angleirons with horizontal and vertical webs, such as those shown in Fig. 22 or as those shown in Fig. 4, where two angle-irons are riveted together, or as in Fig. 9, &c., or any other similar form of angle-iron or combination of irons unless said term is qualified by the context.

I do not limit myself to the particular structure nor the particular arrangement illus trated in the drawings and described above, since the structure and the arrai'igement may be varied in many ways without departing from the spirit of my invention.

lVhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a car or similar vehicle having sills provided with a number of steps, one of said steps being situated below the flooring and within the body of the ear.

2. A car or similar vehicle having sills provided with a number of steps, at least one of said steps being situated in a plane below the floor-level, and having a horizontal extension coextensive with the edge of the sill.

3. A car or similar vehicle having angle metal floor-sills, a portion of said sills forming a step, an d another portion provided with means for supporting the floor of the ear.

4. A car or similar vehicle having sills formed with an angular cross-section, a portion of said sill forming a step, and a step-plate fixed thereto.

5. A car or similar vehicle having sills formed with an angular cross-section, a portion of said sills forming a step,and a stepplate fixed thereto having a pendent and inturned flange.

6. In a car or similar vehicle,havin g a truck, the ear having angle metal fioor-sills provided with a horizontal portion rigidly secured to the frame of the truck.

7 In a car or similar vehicle having a truck, the car having sill Z-shaped in cross-section, with the middle web rigidly attached to the frame of the truck.

8. Iuacar or similar vehiclehavinga truck, the car having angle metal floor-sills provided with a web attached to the frame of the truck.

9. In a car or similar vehicle, a sill coextensive with the flooring and having a step below the flooring and within its outer limits.

10. In a car or similar vehicle, a sill running the full length of the side of the car, having a step located below the flooring of the ear and substantially within the sides or the car.

11. In a car or similar vehicle, the combination of a Z or angle iron sill having a step located within the sides of the car.

12. In a car or similar vehicle, the combination of a sill having a step located below and substantially within the sides of the car, and a seat-panel supported by said step.

13. In a street-car or similar vehiele,the combination of a sill having a step located below the flooring and substantially withinv the sides of the car, a supporting stanchion or post for the said car, and a seat-panel supported by the said step.

14. In a car or similar vehicle, the combination of a sill having a step located below the flooring of the car and substantially within the sides of the car, a seat-panel and a base supported by said sill, and a post or stanchion passing through the said seat-panel and base, and supported by the said step.

15. Ina car or similar vehicle, having transverse seats, the combination of a sill having a step below the flooring of the car and substantially within the sides of the car, a seat-panel extending from the said seat to the said step and a stanchion 01' post passing through the said panel to the said step and supported by the said sill.

16. In a car or similar vehicle, the combination of a sill having a step located below and substantially within the sides of the car, a seatpanel fastened to the said sill, and a stanchion or post passing through the said seatpanel, and fastened to the said sill.

17. In. a car or similar vehicle, the combination of a sill having a step located below the flooring and substantially within the sides of the car, a seat-panel fastened to the said sill and to the flooring of the said car, a post or stanchion passing through the full length of the said seat-panel, and fastened to the said sill and supported by the said step.

18. In a car or similar vehicle, the combination of a sill having a. step located below the flooring, and substantially within the sides of the car, a seat-panel and a bracketed basepancl extending out over the said step and supporting the said seat-panel.

1.). In a car or similar vehicle, the combination of a Z-sill, seat-panels supported by the said Z-sill, pendants also carried by the said Z-sill, and a running-board supported by the said pendants.

20. In a car or similar vehicle, the combination of the Z-sill, seat-panels supported by the Z-sill and extending out over the sill, a stanchion or post passing through the said seat-panel, and supported by the said sill, and a running-board also connected to the said sill by means of pendants.

21. In a car or similar vehicle, the combination of a Z-sill having a step located below the flooring of the car, and substantially within the sides of the car, and having a flange, a running-board supported by the said flange.

22. In a car or similar vehicle, the combination of a Z-sill havin a step and a flange, seatpanels extending over the said sill and supported on said step, and a running-board supported by said flange.

23. In a car or similarvehicle, the combination of a Z-sill, a seat-panel supported by and extending out over the said sill, a stanchion or post extending through said seat-panel to said sill, and a running-board also supported by the said sill.

24. In a car or similar vehicle,.the combination of a Z-sill having a step located below the flooring and within the sides 01": the car, a seatpanel and a bracket-supporting panel extending out over said step and supported thereby, a stanchion or post extending through the said seat-panel, and a bracket-panel to the said step, and a running-board also supported by the saidsill.

25. A car or similar vehicle having Z-iron metal floor-sills, and sill-planking secured to the inside of said sills, and supporting the carflooring, the central webs of said sills being horizontal.

26. A car or similar vehicle having longitudinal side sills comprising angle-irons with upright webs, and lower horizontal webs outwardly and oppositely disposed, combined with sill-planking secured to the inner faces of the upright webs, and a car-flooring supported on said planking.

27. A car or similar vehicle, having Z-iron floor-sills, the central web of said sills being horizontal, sill-planking secured to the said sills and supporting the car flooring, and

- crossings extending between the said sills below the flooring.

28. A car or similar vehicle having longitudinal side sills, each comprising an upright web and oppositely and horizontally disposed lower webs, sill-planking secured to the inner faces of the upright webs and supporting the car-floorin g, and crossings extending between the said sills below the flooring.

29. A car or similar vehicle having longitudinal side sills, each comprising an upright web and oppositely and horizontally disposed lower webs, the floor-supporting crossings extending between said sills, and a car flooring or planking supported on said crossings in a plane coincident with the sill tops.

30. A car or similar vehicle having longitudinal side sills each comprising an upright web, and oppositely and horizontally disposed lower webs, a sill-planking secured to the inner faces of the upright webs, floor-supporting crossings extending between the sillplanking, and a car flooring or planking supported on said crossings and sill-planking.

31. A car or similar vehicle having angle metal sills, sill-planking secured to the inside of the sills, and crossings extending be tween the sill-planking.

32. A car or similar vehicle, having Z-iron floor-sills, sill-planking secured to the sills,.

metal floor-sills, pockets secured to the inner side of said sills, crossings extending into said pockets, and a car flooring or planking supported on the said crossings above the plane of the pockets.

35. A car or similar vehicle, having angle metal floor-sills, pockets secured to said sills, crossings extending between the pockets, additional means for tying the sills and crossings together transversely, and a floor-planking supported on said crossings.

36. A car or similar vehicle having angle metal floor-sills, pockets secured to the said sills, crossings extending between the pockets, and tie-bolts connecting said pockets and securing the crossings rigidly thereto.

37. A car or similar vehicle, having angle metal floor-sills, an upright web of which is disposed inwardly, pockets having inwardlyextending depressions secured to the upright Web and crossings secured in said pockets.

38. A car or similar vehicle, angle metal floor-sills, an upright web of which is disposed inwardly, pockets having inwardly-e'x tending depressions secured to the upright web, and crossings secured in said pockets and car-flooring on said pockets.

39. A car or similar vehicle, having angle metal floor-sills, an upright web of which is disposed inwardly, pockets having inwardlyextending depressions secured tothe upright Web, and crossings secured to said pockets, a car-flooring on said crossings, the pockets having flanges bolted to said web.

40. 'A car or similar vehicle, having angle metal floor-sills, an upright web of which is disposed inwardly, pockets having imvardly-.

extending depressions secured to the upright web, crossings secured to said pockets, a carflooring on said crossings, the pockets having flanges bolted to said web, and tie-rods secured to said web and to said flanges.

41. A car or similar vehicle, liavin'g angle metal floor-sills, sill-planking secured to the said sills, pockets secured to said sills, crossings extending between the pockets, and a car-flooring supported on the sill-planking and crossings.

42. A car or similar vehicle, having angle metal floorsills, sil1-planking secured to said sills, pockets secured .to said sills, crossings extending between the pockets, and a carflooring supported upon the sill-plankin g and crossings, transverse tie-rods secured to the longitudinal floor-sills comprising angle-irons ICC each with an inner upright and an outer horizontal web, cross-stays secured to the inner webs, angle-iron sill-planking secured to the inner upright webs, and a flooring secured upon said sill-planking.

44:. A car or similar vehicle, having angleiron floor-sills, each comprising a vertical and horizontal web, the vertical web being inwardly disposed, pockets secured to said vertical web, sill-planking secured to said vertical web, crossings extending between the pockets, and a car-flooring supported upon said crossings and sill-planking.

-15. A carhaving side-sills, each comprising an upright and horizontal web with the upright web inwardly disposed, the angle-iron sill-planking secured to the upright web adjacent its upper edge, the horizontal web of which extends inwariilly, and a car-flooring secured to said horizontal web.

46. A car having side sills, each comprising an upright and horizontal web with the upright web inwardly disposed, the angle-iron sill-planking secured to the upright web adjacent its upper edge, the horizontal web of which extends inwardly, a car-flooring secured to said horizontal web, pockets, crossin gs between the pockets, and the floor-planking supported on the crossings and horizontal web of the sill-planking.

-17. A car or similar vehicle having anglemetal side sills, each comprising vertical and horizontal webs, the said horizontal webs forming steps and means for tying said sills together.

48. A car-frame comprising the side angle plate floor-sills, having an inner upright and a lower horizontal web, one of said. webs at their ends being diverted and secured to and transversely staying the crossing member of the frame.

49. A car-ii'rame comp rising the angle-plate side sills having an inner upright and lower horizontal web forming steps and floor-planking secured to the said upright webs.

50. A car-frame comprising the angle-plate side sills, having an inner upright and lower horizontal web, a floor-planking supported upon said upright web, combined with crossings also supporting the car-flooring, extending between the upright web.

51. A car-frame having angle plate side sills, comprising an .inner upright and lower horizontal web, crossings extending between said upright web, longitudinal extensions from said upright webs, and a platform-frame supported upon said extensions.

52. A car frame having angle plate side sills, comprising an inner upright and lower horizontal web, crossings extending between said upright web, longitudinal extensions from said upright webs, a platform-frame suported upon said extensions, and a buifer supported upon and secured to the end of said extension.

53. A car frame having angle plate side sills, comprising an inner upright and lower horizontal web, crossings extending between said upright web, longitudinal extensions from said upright webs, and a platform-frame supported upon said extensions, and the angle-iron buffer having a horizontal web secured to the top of said extension, and a pendent web abutting against the end olsaid extension.

54:. A carframe having angle plate side sills, comprising an inner upright and lower horizontal web, crossings extending between the upright \veb,longitudinal extensions from said upright webs, a platform-frame supported upon said extensions, the angle-iron buffer having a horizontal web secured to the top of said extensions, and a pendent web abutting against the end of said extension, and a platform crown-piece on the extensions, secured to the end of the buffer-beam.

55. In a car or similar vehicle, comprising an gle-plate side sills, each having an inner upright and lower horizontal webs sill-planking secured to the upright web, and extending beyond the ends of said sills, crossings adjacent the ends of said sills, platform-knees extending from said crossings longitudinally, the crown-piece secured upon said knees and sillplanking extensions, and a buffer-beam secured upon the ends of the platform-knees and extensions, and to the end of said crown-piece.

56. A car or similar vehicle, comprising angle-plate side sills, each having inner and lower horizontal webs, a sill-planking secured to the upright web, the end of thehorizontal web being bent upwardly,the sill-plankingbeing extended beyond said end, and aplatform crown-piece supported upon said extension and secured to the upturned end of the horizontal web.

57. In a car, the combination with the angleplate side sills each comprising an inner upright and outer horizontal web, of a bolster comprising top and bottom plates secured together at their ends and to said upright webs, crossings extending between the side sills,and intermediate longitudinal sills extending between the crossings, and between the upper and lower plate of the bolster, and secured thereto.

58. A car or similar vehicle having angleplate side sills comprising an inner upright and a lower horizontal outwardly-extending web forming a step, and a bolster comprising a plate having step or ledge formed at each end to receive the webs of said sills, and to which said sills are secured.

59. A car or similar vehicle, having angleplate side sills, each comprising an inner upright and lower horizontal and outwardly-extending web, and a bolster comprisinga horizontal top plate with depending ends secured to said sills and a lower bar secured to said top plate.

60. In a car or similar vehicle having angleplate side sills each comprising inner upright and lower horizontal and outwardly-extending webs, and a bolster comprising a horizontal top plate having depending ends secured to the said sills, a lower bar secured to said top plate, and pedestal-blocks separating said plate and bar.

61. A car or similar vehicle having angleplate sills, each comprising an inner upright and lower horizontal and outwardly-extending web, a bolster comprising a horizontal top plate having a depending end secured to the upright webs, a lower plate centrally spaced from the top plate, crossings extending between the upright webs, and intermediate longitudinal sills extending between the crossings and through the bolster-plates, to which the latter are secured.

62. A car having parallel side sills which comprise inner upright and a lower outwardlyextending horizontal web, and intermitted floor extensions secured to the upright web over the horizontal web.

63. A car having parallel side sills coextensive with the car-frame, end sills connecting the ends of said side sills, said side sills comprising angle-plates which have an inner upright and lower outwardly-extending horizontal web and intermitted fioor extensions secured to the upright web over the horizontal web.

64. A car or similar vehicle having seatsupports consisting of a panel provided with ears, and a base rigidly attached to said ears.

65. A car or similar vehicle, having seatsupports consisting of a panel, a base fixed to said panel, and provided with an opening adapted to receive a-stanchion.

66. A car or similar vehicle having seatsupports consisting of a panel, a base fixed to said panel, said base adapted to rest both on the floor and step of the car.

67. In a car or similar vehicle, a frame having a component side sill made of angle-iron which forms a step within the car-floor line.

68. In a car or similar vehicle, a frame having a component side sill made of one integralpiece of angle-iron having a portion which forms a step within and below the floor-lines.

69. In a car or similar vehicle, a frame-having a component side sill formed by a Z-bar the central web of which is horizontal and supports the car superstructure. l

70. In a car or similar vehicle, a frame having a component side sill formed by an integral Z-bar the central web of which is horizontal and supports a car superstructure.

71. In a car or similar vehicle, a sill, a part of which forms a step, and intermitted flooring and seat-panels extending over the step.

7 2. In a car or similar vehicle, an angleiron sill, a part of which forms a step below thefioor-level, and intermitted flooring and seat-panels extending above the step, and attached to the said sill.

73. In a car or similar vehicle, an angleiron sill, a part of which forms a step below the floor-level, seat-panels extending above the step, and attached to the sill.

74. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, and seat-panel extending above the step, and attached to the sill.

75. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, and a seat-panel extending above the step and resting thereon.

7 6. In a car or similar vehicle, anangular side sill forming a step, a seat-panel resting on the sill and attached thereto.

77. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, a seat-panel resting on the step and attached to the sill.

78. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, a seat-panel base resting on said step, and attached to the sill.

79. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, a seat-panel base resting on said sill and attached thereto.

80. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, a seat-panel resting on said sill, and a stanchion passing through the panel and supported on the step.

81. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, a seat-panel resting on said sill, a stanchion passing through the panel and supported by the step.

82. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, panels. supported by said sill, and stanchions extending over the sill and fixed thereto.

83. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step and an intermitted flooring extending over the step.

84:. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, and seats extending over said step.

85'. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill having upwardly-extending webs, and outwardly extending flanges forming steps.

' 86. In a car or similar vehicle provided with a step, a floor with intermitted portions projecting over said step.

87. In a car or similar vehicle provided with a step, a floor with intermitted portions projecting over the step, and seat-panels resting on said projecting portions.

88. In a car or similar vehicle provided with a step, a floor with intermitted portions projecting over the step, and seats resting on said projecting portions.

89. In a car or similar vehicle, provided with steps, a floor with intermitted portions projecting over the steps, and seats extending transversely across the car, and resting on said projecting portion.

90. In a car or similar vehicle, having steps,

a floor with intermitted portions projecting over said step between said intermitted portions.

91. In a car or similar vehicle having a step formed from a Z-iron, a fioor with intermitted portions projecting over said step.

92. In a car or similar vehicle, a side sill Z-shaped in cross-section, the center web being horizontal and forming a step, the upper edge being located in the plane of the floor and the outer edge of the said step extending coextensively with the outer floor-line.

93. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill provided with a horizontal and vertical web, the upper edge of the vertical web being on the floor-line, the outer edge of the horizontal web extending coextensively with the outer floor-line, and crossings attached to the vertical web.

94. A seat-panel for cars or other vehicles, having a scat-support, and means for attaching the panel to an angular side sill.

95. A seat-panel for cars or other vehicles having a seat-support and means for attaching the panel to an angular side sill, said means comprising a base adapted to rest 011 said angular sill.

96. A seat-panel. for cars or similar vehicles having a seat-support, means for attaching the panel to an angular side sill, and a projecting portion with a groove adapted to receive a curtain-rod, said groove extending below the floor of the car.

97. A seat-panel for cars or similar vehicles, having a seat-support, and a projection and groove on said panel, means for attaching the panel to an angular side sill, said means comprising a base-block with a projection and groove forming a continuation of the basebloek and groove in the panel.

98. A base-block adapted to support a seatpanel, the said base-block comprising a surface shaped so as to form a vertical web, a shoulder to rest on the upper edge of said web, a projecting portion adapted to receive a stanchion, and a groove on said projecting portion adapted to receive the end of the curtain-rod.

99. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, seat-panels resting on said step, and step-plates between said panels.

100. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forminga step, seat-supports resting on said step, and step-plates on said step between said supports.

101. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill having a vertical web, a horizontal web forming a step and a car-floorin g secured to said web.

102. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill having a vertical web, a horizontal web forming a step, and sill-plankin g secured to said web.

103. In acar or similar vehicle, angular side sills having a vertical web, a horizontal web forming a step, and crossings connecting said webs.

101. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill having vertical and horizontal webs and pockets on the inner walls of said vertical web.

105. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill, provided with one horizontal and two vertical webs, the two vertical webs extending above and below the horizontal web, and at opposite sides thereof, the outer web extending downwardly to strengthen the sill.

106. In a car or similar vehicle, a Z -iron side sill having vertical webs connected by an intermediate horizontal web forming a step, and post-pockets secured to one of said vertical webs.

107. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill with vertical and horizontal webs, said horizontal web forming a step, a pocket bolted to said vertical web, and a stanchion passing through said pocket, and resting on the horizontal web.

108. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill with vertical and horizontal webs, said horizontal web forming a step, a pocket secured to said vertical web, and adapted to receive a stanchion.

109. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill with vertical and horizontal webs, said horizontal web forming a step, and a stanchion bolted to said vertical web.

110. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill, one web of which forms a step, and a second web, a running-board suspended from said second web.

111.. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular side sill forming a step, a running-board forming a second step, and athird step within the car side.

112. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular sill having horizontal and vertical webs, opposite seat-panels attached to the vertical web, and supported thereby, and step-plates on said horizontal web situated between the said panels.

113. In a car or similar vehicle, an angular sill having horizontal and vertical webs,-panel bases or supports on the horizontal web, seatpanels abutting against the vertical web, and resting on the bases, and a step-plate on the horizontal web located between said bases.

114. A car having an angle-iron sill forming a component part of the framing, seatsupports on said sill, and a step-tread formed on said sill between the supports.

115. As an article of manufacture, an angleiron sill having a seat-panel base or support secured thereto.

116. As an article of manufacture, an angleiron sill having an upright and a horizontal web and a seat-panel base or support secured to the upright web.

117. As an article of manufacture, an angleiron sill having an upright and a horizontal web, and a seat-panel base or support secured to the upright web, and resting on the horizontal web.

118. As an article of manufacture, an an gleiron sill having an upright and horizontal web, and a seat-panel base or support secured to said sill, and having a top plate and a flange overlapping the upright web, and a post -aperture extending through the top plate.

119. As an article of manufacture, a panel- ICC base having an upper panel-supporting surface, and a seat-post aperture.

120. As an article of manufacture, a panelextending through said plate between the front of the base and said flange.

122. The combination withthe angle-iron sill, of a panel-base secured thereto, and a seat-panel secured to said paneLbase.

123. The combination with a car-sill, of a car-post, a panel-base about the post, and a seat-panel on the base adjacent the post.

124. The combination with a car-sill, of a panel-base, a post and means for securing the base and post.

125. A sill having an upright face, a post secured againstsaid face, and a panel-base secured to said face adjacent the post.

126. A sill having an upright face, a panelbase having a horizontal top plate, and a post secured to said sill-face, and extending through the said plate.

127. A sill having an upright face, a panelbase having a horizontal top plate, a post secured to said sill and extending through said plate, and a seat-panel on said base, and against said post.

128. The combination with the angle-iron sill, of a panel-base secured to said sill and having a horizontal top plate, of a seat-panel secured to said top plate.

129. The combination with the angle-iron sill, of a panel-base secured to said sill, and

: having a horizontal top plate, ofa seat-panel having lugs extending inwardly from its lower edge secured to the said top plate.

130. The combination with the angle-iron sill, of a panel-base secured to said sill, a seatpanel resting upon said base, and a post secured to the panel an d extending through said base.

131. The combination with the angle-iron sill, of apanel-base upon said sill, a seat-panel resting upon said base, and a post secured to the panel and base and to the said sill.

132. As an article of manufacture, an anglesill having an upright web, and a panel-base having a flange overlapping the upper edge of said web, and which is secured to said web.

133. As an article of manufacture, apanelbase having a top plate and an exterior and upright rib provided with a curtain-groove. 134. The angle-sill having an upright web,

. a panel-base secured to said Web, and having an upright rib provided with a curtain groove, and a post supported by the sill having a curtain-groove in line with that in the said rib.

135. The angle-sill having an upright web, a panel-base having an upright-post aperture, and side wings, a post passing through said aperture, bolts passing through said base and post and web, and bolts passing through the wings and web.

136. The angle-sill having an upright web,

panel-base having an upright-post aperture and side wings, a seat-panel securedupon said basc,a post located against the seat-panel, and passing through the panel-base aperture, and bolts securing the seat-panel to the post, thepanel-base and post to the sill-web, and the wings to the sill-web.

137. As an article of manufacture, a seatpanel and a base therefor made integral.

138. As an article of manufacture, a panelbase and a seat-panel integrally formed therewith, and superposed thereon.

139. As an article of manufacture, a seatpanel and a base therefor formed integrally therewith, and an upright rib formed on the exterior of the panel and base.

1.40. As an article of manufacture, a seat- -panel and an integrally-formed base, and a lateral and outwardly-extending formed on the rear of the base.

141. As an article of manufacture, a seatpanel and an integrally-formed base, the base having an integral top plate, and an aperture therein. 1

142. As an article of manufacture, a seatpanel and an integrally formedbase, the base having integrallyformed rearwardl extending lugs. 1

143. As an article of manufacture, a seatpanel and an integrally-formed base, the base having an integraltop plate, and lugs extending therefrom, and an aperture formed on the top plate. 1

144. The sill having horizontal and upright webs, and a combined seat-panel and base therefor secured to the upright web and resting on the horizontal web.

145. As an article of manufacture, a combined seat-panel and an integrally-formed base therefor having a rear flange disposed laterally.

146. The seat-panel having inwardly-extending lugs combined with the panel-base having a top plate to which said lugs are secured.

147. An angle-iron side sill having upright and horizontal webs, and a step-plate secured on the horizontal web.

148. An angle-iron sill having upright and horizontal webs, and a step-plate secured to the horizontal web and having an inturned flange overlapping the outer edge of the horizontal web.

149. An angle-iron sill having upright and horizontal webs, a plurality of panel-bases secured to said sill over the horizontal web and against the upright web, and a step-plate secured to the horizontal web between said panel-bases.

150. The side sill having an upright and horizontal web, the arm 90 secured to the horizontal web, and a running-board pendently secured to the said arm.

' 151. In a car or similar vehicle, a side sill made of angle-irons having a horizontal web with oppositely-disposed flanges.

152. In a car or similar vehicle, a side sill made of angle-iron having a horizontal central web with flanges on its opposite longitudinal edges extending vertieall above and Signed in the city and county of Philadelhelow said horizontal Web. phia, State of Pennsylvania, this 5th day of 153. In a car or similar Vehicle, a sidesill, April, 1902.

made of angle-iron having a horizontal web, J OI'IN A. BRILL.

a flange on one edge of said Web extending Vitnesses:

upwardly, and a flange on the opposite edge TERRENCE MCOUSKER,

of said web extending downwardly. FRANK AsHWoRTn. 

